MEDIUM NC#116 1-D Dynamic Programming

97. Interleaving String

📖 Problem

Given strings s1, s2, and s3, find whether s3 is formed by an interleaving of s1 and s2.

🧠 Visual Learning Aid

1 Model the input into the right structure
2 Choose the core technique and invariant
3 Execute step-by-step with a sample
4 Validate complexity and edge cases

JS/TS Refreshers

  • Array methods (`push`, `pop`, `shift`, `slice`)
  • Object/Map/Set usage patterns
  • Function parameter and return typing
  • Array DP table updates
  • State transition thinking
  • Base case initialization

Logical Thinking Concepts

  • Define invariants before coding
  • Check edge cases first (`[]`, single element, duplicates)
  • Estimate time/space before implementation
  • Apply Dynamic Programming reasoning pattern

💡 Approach

  • Use dp[i][j] = true if s3[0:i+j] = s1[i] + s2[j]
  • If indices reach end: dp[m][n] means we've used all chars from both strings
  • Time: O(m * n * p), Space: O(m * n * p)

🧭 Prerequisites

🛠️ Hints & Pitfalls

Hints

  • Use dp[i][j] = true if s3[0:i+j] = s1[i] + s2[j]
  • If indices reach end: dp[m][n] means we've used all chars from both strings
  • Time: O(m * n * p), Space: O(m * n * p)

🧪 Test Cases

Test Case 1
Not run
Input:
isInterleave(s1: string, s2: string, s3: string);
Expected:
Computed from hidden reference
Test Case 2
Not run
Input:
isInterleave('aab', 'axy', 'zaz');
Expected:
Computed from hidden reference
Test Case 3
Not run
Input:
isInterleave('', '', '');
Expected:
Computed from hidden reference

📝 Code Editor

📚 Reference Solution

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